LONDON—The British federal government said it would bar telecom corporations from acquiring new machines created by China’s Huawei Technologies Co. for their 5G networks in a further indication of the deteriorating relations in between Beijing and the West.

The sharp about-encounter by the U.K.—only six months back it said it could manage the pitfalls of Huawei’s existence in 5G—was a direct consequence of new U.S. sanctions on Huawei, the federal government said. It marks a considerable victory for the U.S. coverage and is probably to improve pressure on other nations around the world…